What Happens If You Vitamin D Is Low

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What Happens If You Vitamin D Is Low

You Don't Want a
Normal Vitamin D Level...
Here's Why

Ask your doctor what aNormal Vitamin D Level is and, likely, he won't even know the right name of the Vitamin D blood test to look up to find the answer. Most likely, he won't even know why you want the vitamin d blood test in the first place! But because you will have read this, you will have the information you'll need to educate your self and your doctor on the overwhelming amount of Vitamin D research that shows what aNormal Vitamin D Level and a Low Vitamin D Level is. Most often there are no Symptoms of Vitamin D Deficiency until it is too late and you have a serious chronic illness,that you probably haven't even related to the Low Vitamin D Level in the first place.

And even though Vitamin D isVERY safe and rarely has any problems with Vitamin D Overdose or toxicity, there is a small chance of taking too much. But unless you are takingVERY large doses of Vitamin D for extremely long periods of time, most people should have their Vitamin D levels checked, not because the level might be too high, but because you probably have Vitamin D Deficiency.  In other words, your Vitamin D Blood Test willlikely be too low - even if you are otherwise healthy! Either way, having your Vitamin D levels checked and knowing what a normal Vitamin D level is, is extremely important for your health.

How to Order a Vitamin D Test

First of all, the Vitamin D blood test is called

  • Vitamin D 25 Hydroxy level
    OR
  • 25(OH)D levelthat's a letter O and not the number zero.

You don't want to have a Normal Vitamin D Level. You want an optimal level.

Come armed to your doctor's appointment with this information in the likely event that he doesn't know the name of the blood test for Vitamin D. If your doctor doesn't Understand Blood Test Results - you might get the wrong test. There is another blood test for Vitamin D, called:

  • Vitamin D, 1,25 Dihydroxy level

    or

  • 1,25(OH)(2)D.

The Dihydroxy test, while having a similar sounding name and is also often called a 'Vitamin D Level', does not test for the kind of vitamin D you get from food, sun, and supplements. ALL clinical trials and Vitamin D research are done using the Vitamin D 25 Hydroxy Test, and your doctor should use that one too.

What is a Normal Vitamin D Level?

The question that you REALLY want to know is,"what are OPTIMAL Vitamin D levels."Every laboratory has a 'reference range' that is unique and depends upon many different factors. Often they take a range of 'healthy' individuals and create an average range after excluding a certain percentage from the low range and the high range.Voila, they determined the normal Vitamin D level.

But in the Symptoms of Vitamin D Deficiency page, you learned that a very high percentage of the population, has a low Vitamin D level; either from simply not getting enough, from poor Vitamin D Absorption, or not having the proper cofactors.

"Vigilance of one's vitamin D status
by the yearly measurement
of vitamin d 25 hydroxy level should be
part of an annual physical examination."
-Michael F. Holick, 'The Vitamin D Epidemic and its Health Consequences'

So, if you take a blood test for Vitamin D and get an average number for a group of people who are Vitamin D deficient, then you have numbers that are on the low side, right? One study summed this up very well by saying,

"Historically, a 'normal' nutritional vitamin D status has been defined as just about any circulating level of vitamin d 25 hydroxy in asymptomatic subjects."

And you don't want to have a low or even normal vitamin D blood test, you want to have anOPTIMAL vitamin d 25 hydroxy level. This is because the mounds of research on vitamin d show that different vitamin D levels can prevent the incidence of different diseases, such as are outlined on the Symptoms of Vitamin D Deficiency page. If you have levels on the lower end of the chart, you'll leave yourself vulnerable to problems such as Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer that, research shows, higher vitamin D levels create lower incidences of.

So, What is an Optimal Level?

Well, there is Vitamin D research that addresses this question specifically, so we'll use these studies to help you to decide. The study  Vitamin D Status Indicators in Indigenous Populations in East Africa  is probably one of the most important works, as it most closely approximates what Vitamin D Levels our ancestors would have had. The study showed that the average Vitamin D Level of the indigenous adults studied studied was 42 ng/ml (106.8 nmol/L).

The study, 'Calcium and Vitamin D Diagnostics and Therapeutics' states,


"It is quite possible that there are two levels of vitamin D sufficiency. One level requires that the serum vitamin d 25 hydroxy levels be at least 20 ng/mL to satisfy the body's requirement for… calcium absorption, bone calcium mobilization and bone mineralization. The second level may need higher circulating levels of vitamin d 25 hydroxy for maximum cellular health..."

Normal Vitamin D Level Recommendations
Minimum Optimal (ng/ml) High End of Optimum (ng/ml) Toxic Level (ng/ml)
Vitamin D Council (ng/ml) 50 80
GrassrootsHealth (ng/ml) (ng/ml) 40 60
Dr. Mercola
(ng/ml)		 50 65 >100 (excess)
The Use of Vitamin D in Clinical Practice
(ng/ml)		 40 70 > 150

It's important to notice that the Normal Vitamin D level is reported in two ways: ng/ml or nmol/l. Translated, these mean 'nanograms per millileter' and 'nanomoles per liter'. It's much as if you reported your driving speed in miles per hour or kilometers per hour. They measure the same thing, but use different standards of measurement. If you need help to convert one of these numbers to the other, you can use this Vitamin D Calculator.

One thing to remember is that your doctor is used to reporting only 'abnormal' laboratory results to patients and they generally don't give out exact numbers because most patients don't know what the numbers mean.

But for those who want to be Understanding Blood Test Results, you need to ask your doctor for the exact number and have him tell you the units measured as nanograms per millileter or nanomoles per liter. That way there is no confusion.

What do you do if you have a Low Vitamin D serum level?

You shouldALWAYS discuss Vitamin D Therapy with your doctor in case there are reasons why you should not take these supplements and to keep him on board for your yearly Vitamin D serum level checks.

But most likely, he will not know what the current Vitamin D research says about Vitamin D supplementation – you might want to print out a copy of this page and the Vitamin D Dosage page, save a copy for yourself and give a copy to your doctor. Then, keep reading to find out which diseases you can be reducing your risk of by taking higher levels of Vitamin D.

Next --->
Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment

Advanced D Free Bottle

Frequently Asked Questions
About Vitamin D
How Much Should I Be Taking? What About Overdose?
What Does Vitamin D Do? What Causes Deficiency?
Don't Take That Prescription!? What Foods Have Vitamin D?

Normal Vitamin D Level Resources

  • 5000 IU Vitamin D 3 Supplements- Vitamin D3 is really theONLY vitamin d that you should be taking.
  • Get Vitamin D 3 in a clinically relevant dose for adults
  • Sunshine Mist Vitamin D Spray- This Vitamin D3 is GREAT for kids. Just a spray a day is all it takes.
  • The Vitamin D Solution: A 3-Step Strategy to Cure Our Most Common Health Problem - Take a look at this EYE OPENING book. This fascinating account of the health benefits of Vitamin D will keep you turning pages far into the night!

Still Have a Question
About Vitamin D
Ask it Here

See Already Answered Questions about Vitamin D Blood Levels

Click below to see already answered questions about Vitamin D Blood Levels.

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Vitamin D Test

Magnesium Is for Movement Video

Vitamin D Test

What Happens If You Vitamin D Is Low

Source: https://www.easy-immune-health.com/Normal-Vitamin-D-level.html

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Natural Factors Vitamin K & D

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Natural Factors Vitamin K & D

Photo Courtesy: [LaylaBird/E+/Getty Images]

Vitamin K is often mentioned in health and wellbeing media, and it's common to see it addressed in respect to various health claims — from anti-aging effects and healthy skin to bone health and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. But what does this vitamin really do, where can you find it and are you getting enough? Read on to learn all the essential basics you'll want to know about vitamin K.

What Does Vitamin K Do?

Vitamin K's name originates from the German word "koagulationsvitamin" ("coagulation vitamin" in English), which refers to the process of blood clot formation. And it's fitting — one of the most important of vitamin K's roles is that it helps blood clot properly. Without vitamin K, small cuts on your arm could prove to be lethal because the flow of blood wouldn't stop.

Vitamin K may also play a role in the maintenance of healthy bones. It's a cofactor required for the mineralization process of bones, along with calcium and vitamin D. These three substances work together to strengthen the structure of bones. Some studies have suggested that a higher intake of vitamin K correlates with a higher bone mineral density and a lower risk of damage such as fractures. However, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D are likely to have a much greater role in bone health, and it's not clear if supplementing vitamin K has any effect on bone health for people with a healthy diet and no underlying conditions.

Some studies have also suggested that vitamin K can help prevent hardening of the cardiovascular system due to calcification, which is a process that results in excessive calcium buildup in soft tissues, arteries and heart valves. This means that getting enough vitamin K can help protect your heart and blood from diseases, such as stroke and heart attack, later in life. Because most people get enough vitamin K from their diets alone, though, there's no formal recommendation to use vitamin K supplements to achieve these potential cardioprotective benefits.

Research on vitamin K suggests some laboratory-based anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. That's because it serves as a cell-signaling nutrient that may help prolong cell life. In fact, many cosmetic scar treatment gels boast that they use vitamin K as a main ingredient due to its cell-strengthening properties. Because it protects the nervous system, liver, lungs, heart, cartilage, stomach and kidneys, vitamin K may also potentially be effective in preventing some degenerative and fatal conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer. However, overall, there's insufficient evidence to suggest taking extra vitamin K is beneficial in any of these conditions.

Food Sources of Vitamin K

When you do need to supplement it, vitamin K is readily available via a diverse selection of food sources. Specifically, the forms of vitamin K found in naturally occurring food sources are K1 and K2. The most prominent sources of the nutrient are dark-colored cruciferous vegetables, which includes brussels sprouts, Swiss chard, broccoli, kale and mustard greens. Other colorful vegetables, such as spinach, green beans, asparagus, romaine lettuce, tomatoes and peas, are also rich sources of the vitamin.

Several fermented foods contain high levels of vitamin K, since some strains of bacteria that facilitate the fermentation process are also vitamin K-generating. For example, the Propionibacterium genus of bacteria found in Swiss and Jarlsberg cheeses generates abundant amounts of vitamin K. Fermented soy products, such as soybean paste and Japanese natto, have a strain of B. subtilis that produces abundant amounts of vitamin K.

Vitamin K is also available as a dietary supplement. Usually, a daily multivitamin will contain the recommended daily amount. The synthetic form of vitamin K is also known as K3, or menadione. Taking 1mg or less per day of vitamin K as a supplement is unlikely to be harmful.

Can You Get Too Much (or Too Little) Vitamin K?

Vitamin K in excess is stored in the liver, so you don't need to get it from your diet every single day. But because vitamin K is very important for blood coagulation, a deficiency in the nutrient can lead to problems with blood clotting. When someone's blood doesn't have clotting factor, a small cut on the finger, or even a bruise, can be fatal. The nutrient also plays a prominent role in regulating calcium, so too little vitamin K can lead to hardening of the arteries due to calcification and can also weaken bones. A deficiency in infants may lead to malformation of cartilage and bone structure.

Signs and symptoms of vitamin K deficiency in adults may include uncontrollable bleeding, excessive bruising, petechiae (a multitude of small red dots that are bleeding sites under the skin) and cartilage calcification. Sometimes, a vitamin K deficiency may be a sign of absorption problems in the intestines. If left untreated, these symptoms can be life-threatening, as too little vitamin K has also been linked to serious medical problems later in life.

So far, overdosing on vitamin K1 and K2, which both come from naturally occurring sources, has not been documented, so medical professionals haven't established a tolerable upper level of the vitamin. The only documented instances of vitamin K poisoning stem from synthetic forms of the nutrient, known as menadione or vitamin K3, which is found in vitamins and supplements. Excess menadione can lead to damage to cell membranes, liver toxicity, jaundice and anemia. Vitamin K supplements can also interact with other supplements, such as coenzyme Q10, which may predispose you to dangerous clotting abnormalities.

It's recommended that all newborns receive a shot of vitamin K shortly after birth. This is because vitamin K doesn't cross the placenta well, and newborns can become deficient. This can lead to a condition called vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB).

How Much Vitamin K Do You Need?

The U.S. Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for vitamin K for healthy adults assigned male at birth is 120mcg per day. For healthy adults assigned female at birth, the recommended intake is 90mcg per day. If you're taking other medications or have a pre-existing medical condition, be sure to consult your physician for a professionally recommended amount of vitamin K supplementation. The nutrient may interact negatively with medications or with your body due to your condition.

Provided you follow a typical healthy diet and don't have any underlying health conditions, there's generally no need to take vitamin K supplements. It's important to maintain a healthy and balanced diet so your body obtains necessary vitamins and minerals. If you're worried that you may not be getting adequate nutrition, speak to your primary care provider to rule out underlying causes before you start taking over-the-counter supplements — which may not help, and may even be harmful.

Resource Links:

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-k/

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-HealthProfessional/

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-Consumer/

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/983.html

https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vitamink/index.html

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Natural Factors Vitamin K & D

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Dlux Vitamin D Spray 1000

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Dlux Vitamin D Spray 1000

Photo Courtesy: Michael Godek/Getty Images

Are you getting enough sun? In many parts of the world, that might prove difficult during the winter months — and it can impact more than your sunny disposition.When exposed to sunshine, our bodies produce vitamin D, something our bodies need to maintain healthy bones and teeth; support our immune and cardiovascular systems; and stave off certain diseases, like type 1 diabetes. Some reports suggest that roughly three-quarters of American teens and adults might not be getting enough vitamin D. So, how can you turn that number around?

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) makes recommendations for what one's daily intake of vitamin D should be based on age, gender and other factors. The recommendations, in micrograms (mcg), can be summarized as follows:

Photo Courtesy: Sean Gladwell/Getty Images
  • Infants (up to 12 months): 10 mcg daily
  • Children (1 to 13 years): 15 mcg daily
  • Teens (14 to 18 years): 15 mcg daily
  • Adults (19 to 50 years): 15 mcg daily
  • Older adults (51 to 70 years): 15 mcg daily
  • Seniors (70+ years): 20 mcg daily

So, how can you supplement your vitamin D intake if all that basking in the sun isn't cutting it? Thanks to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, we've rounded up 10 healthy foods that can help you reach those daily vitamin D goals.

Salmon

Salmon comes in quite a few different varieties — canned sockeye salmon, smoked chinook salmon, canned pink salmon, cooked sockeye salmon, cooked pink salmon and even cooked wild coho salmon — and all of them are chock-full of vitamin D. All of these options will help you hit your goals. After all, a three-ounce serving of canned sockeye salmon contains 17.9 mcg of vitamin D, while a three-ounce portion of cooked sockeye salmon contains 11.1 mcg of vitamin D.

Photo Courtesy: Justin Ong/Getty Images

Smoked Whitefish

Want to change up that salmon intake? Whitefish can help with that. While whitefish are a species of fish, the term also refers to a cluster of types of fish, all of which have a mild, slightly sweet flavor. Some of the most popular "whitefish" include pollock, bass, cod, halibut, grouper and haddock. On average, a standard three-ounce serving of smoked whitefish contains an impressive 10.8 mcg of vitamin D.

Photo Courtesy: Bohemian Nomad Picturemakers/Getty Images

Swordfish

If you're looking for a terrific source of vitamin D, and to break up all that whitefish and salmon, try swordfish. These creatures can grow to be a whopping 1,400 pounds — and nearly 15-feet in length. While you wouldn't want to tangle with one of these in the ocean, encountering it as a nice, grilled steak is a treat. Best of all, a three-ounce portion will provide you with 14.1 mcg of vitamin D.

Photo Courtesy: Shawn Miller/Getty Images

Tilapia

Tilapia is a cluster of fish species that aren't found in nature. That is, tilapia is a farmed fish, which makes it pretty inexpensive. This mild species is the fourth most common type of seafood eaten by Americans, in part because of its versatility. We recommend a nice herb-and-parmesan crust, but, any way you slice it (or season it), a three-ounce portion will provide you with 3.1 mcg of vitamin D.

Photo Courtesy: Mike Kemp/Getty Images

Canned Tuna

Not into canned food? Well, canned fish should probably be your exception. In fact, canned tuna, in addition to being readily available and inexpensive, can make an abundance of tasty meals, from tuna salad and melts to casseroles. Best of all, a three-ounce serving of light tuna canned in oil contains about 5.7 mcg of vitamin D.

Photo Courtesy: LauriPatterson/Getty Images

Mushrooms

The five fish options we've listed above might not have surprised you, but this one might. Many varieties of mushrooms — including portabella, cremini, morels, chanterelles, maitake, and even your basic white button mushrooms — are excellent sources of vitamin D. In fact, half a cup of grilled portabella mushrooms delivers an impressive 7.9 mcg of vitamin D.

Photo Courtesy: Robert Lowdon/Getty Images

Eggs

Eggs — and, in particular, egg yolks — are one of the easiest, cheapest and quickest ways to nab some vitamin D. However, they may not be the food of choice for folks with high cholesterol. If your diet allows, whip up two scrambled eggs and enjoy getting 5% of your recommended daily intake of vitamin D first thing in the morning.

Photo Courtesy: valentinrussanov/Getty Images

Milk

Milk is more than just a great source of calcium. In fact, vitamin D is among its significant nutritional benefits. When it comes to a 16-ounce serving of cow's milk, the vitamin D content varies based on the milk's composition. For example, whole milk contains 6.3 mcg of vitamin D, while 2%, 1% and skim milk all contain 5.9 mcg. Even soy and dehydrated (powdered) milk will help you reach your goals by providing 5.8 mcg and 3.4 mcg of vitamin D respectively.

Photo Courtesy: JW LTD/Getty Images

Yogurt

Milk is not the only dairy product capable of delivering some serious vitamin D benefits. Of course, the nutritional value of yogurt changes depending upon the variety. For example, Greek-style yogurt contains more protein and less sugar than other types of yogurt. Nonetheless, you can still expect anywhere from 2 to 3 mcg of vitamin D per eight-ounce serving, regardless of the variety of yogurt.

Photo Courtesy: Westend61/Getty Images

Pork

So far, you've seen lots of fish and dairy options. You might be wondering, Where's the meat? Well, generally speaking, beef and chicken are not great sources of vitamin D. In fact, if you're a meat lover in search of some vitamin D, pork is your best bet. The nutritional value of pork varies depending upon the cut, method of preparation and more, but you're likely to find between 0.2 to 2.2 mcg of vitamin D in a standard three-ounce serving of pork.

Photo Courtesy: EasyBuy4u/Getty Images

Resource Links:

  • The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Agriculture's Dietary Guidelines for Americans
  • The National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health/vitamind-foods?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex

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Vitamin D Wiki Myanmar

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Vitamin D Wiki Myanmar

Vitamin D Facts: Everything You Need to Know

Medically Reviewed by Dr Samantha Miller, MBChB

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Vitamin D is important for maintaining a healthy body, primarily because it helps you fully maximize your body's absorption and utilization of calcium, an important mineral that we all need. When paired with calcium, vitamin D helps regulate bone remodeling and growth, ensuring healthy, strong bones. Vitamin D can also help protect older adults from osteoporosis, which occurs due to excess bone loss from aging.

Furthermore, this nutrient boosts your immune system and reduces inflammation within your body, potentially warding off future medical conditions in the process. It also plays a vital role in cell growth, neuromuscular functions and protein encoding. Studies have shown that a regular, healthy vitamin D intake can also serve as an antidepressant and make people feel generally happier. But that's not all you'll want to know about vitamin D.

Sources of Vitamin D

Vitamin D is naturally found in certain foods and now appears in many more foods that have been fortified with added nutrients. The best sources of naturally occurring vitamin D are oily fish such as salmon, tuna, cod, sardines and mackerel. Fish liver oils are another good source of vitamin D. Small amounts of the nutrient are present in beef liver, cheese, egg yolks and mushrooms.

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Commonly, vitamin D-fortified foods include whole milk, orange juice, margarine and breakfast cereals. It's important to look at the label and nutrition facts to verify that vitamin D is in a particular food you're considering. Because dairy products are often fortified with vitamin D, lactose intolerant or vegan individuals should keep an eye on their diets to ensure they get enough of the vitamin.

Sun exposure is another method of naturally obtaining vitamin D, as our bodies can create their own vitamin D upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. However, it's difficult to gauge exactly how much sun exposure can generate sufficient vitamin D, as overexposure can be harmful, too. UV rays are also known to trigger free radicals, which can lead to skin cancer if left unchecked.

It's been suggested that getting approximately 15 minutes of sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. at least twice a week to your face, arms, legs or back will help your body synthesize enough vitamin D. It's important to note that you can't cover the exposed area of your body with sunscreen if you choose to get vitamin D naturally. The SPF blocks UV rays and can hinder your body's ability to create vitamin D. If you're in the shade or behind a window, the rays will not get through. If the climate where you live is primarily cloudy, it's important to get your recommended amount of vitamin D via other means.

Dietary supplements are also an excellent way of obtaining vitamin D. Supplements come in two forms: vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), which is identical to the form your body makes when exposed to sunlight, and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), which differs slightly from D3 in its chemical side-chain structure. There's some evidence that vitamin D3 increases and maintains overall levels slightly better than vitamin D2.

Side Effects of a Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency occurs when you don't adequately absorb the nutrient or when your kidneys can't convert the nutrient to its active form. This deficiency can result in medical conditions, two of which are called rickets and osteomalacia.

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Rickets, a disease characterized by a failure of bone tissues to get enough minerals, can result in abnormal, soft bones and skeletal deformities. It's most common in children. Fortunately, it isn't permanent, and kids can consume as few as 1 to 3 teaspoons of cod liver oil a day to reverse the condition.

With the help of fortified foods today, rickets is almost obsolete in the United States. Osteomalacia, characterized by soft and weak bones, is usually present in adults. It's commonly treated with an intense regimen of vitamin D replacement under the care of a physician.

Vitamin D and Other Health Conditions

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to cardiovascular disease, and people with lower levels of vitamin D appear to be at an increased risk of having a heart attack or stroke. However, the exact relationship isn't clear, and there appears to be no benefit to cardiovascular risk in taking a vitamin D supplement.

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Research is also ongoing to find if there's a link between vitamin D and multiple sclerosis (MS). It appears that vitamin D deficiency is linked to the development of MS, and people with MS and higher levels of vitamin D appear to have reduced disease activity.

Low vitamin D has been linked to an increased risk of contracting respiratory illnesses such as influenza A. It appears that people with low vitamin D levels are at greater risk of severe novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. It's not clear yet if routine vitamin D supplementation would reduce this risk.

Because vitamin D is a fat-soluble substance, it can stay in your body for several days. Thus, vitamin D poisoning is possible if you supplement too much vitamin D over a period of a few months. Symptoms of vitamin D overdose include dehydration, vomiting, decreased appetite, irritability, constipation and fatigue. If left unaddressed, vitamin D poisoning can lead to anorexia, over-calcification of the bones and internal organs, kidney stones and hypertension (high blood pressure). It's important to note that vitamin D poisoning usually only occurs with excessive intake of dietary supplements. It's highly unlikely to occur as a result of normal dietary intake and sun exposure.

Daily Dosage Recommendations

The recommended dietary allowances for vitamin D vary depending on your age and other health and life circumstances, such as pregnancy. For infants under 12 months, the recommended intake is 400 international units (IU) or 10 micrograms (mcg). For individuals under 70 years old, the recommended intake is 600IU (15mcg). For individuals over 70 years old, the intake increases to 800IU (20mcg).

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Vitamin D Wiki Myanmar

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Sacn Vitamin D

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Sacn Vitamin D

expert reaction to rapid COVID-19 guidance on vitamin D, published by NICE, PHE and SACN

Leading health bodies, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Public Health England (PHE) and Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition ( SACN), have published a rapid guidance on vitamin D for COVID-19.

Dr David Armstrong (Consultant Rheumatologist, WHSCT, Clinical Lead for Fracture Liaison & Osteoporosis, Visiting Professor, NICHE, Ulster University), said:

"It is great to see NICE, SACN and PHE interested in vitamin D research, and recognising the urgent need for good quality and relevant data in this area, especially in older, vulnerable or residential care patients.  It is important that people do not interpret the statement in a negative way – that vitamin D is of no health benefit – when we have good evidence of its benefit in many scenarios, including for bone and muscle health.  It is more important than ever that people avoid vitamin D deficiency – but we also look forward to seeing more evidence of its effects in the management of the serious respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2."

Dr Emeir McSorley, Senior Lecturer in Human Nutrition, Ulster University, said:

"Adhering to vitamin D guidelines is important for optimal musculoskeletal and bone health as well as having an important role in immune function, particularly in the elderly (Laird, 2014).  We welcome the call by this Expert Panel for more robust research with respect to vitamin D and its role in immune response.  In particular, there is a need to determine the exact supplementation dose required to prevent deficiency in older, more vulnerable groups such as those residing in care homes.  Furthermore, effective monitoring of vitamin D status among community-dwelling older adults and care home residents, is needed as part of a strategy to promote better quality of life and health outcomes in the elderly."

Reference: Laird E, McNulty H, Ward M, Hoey L, McSorley E, Wallace JM, Carson E, Molloy AM, Healy M, Casey MC, Cunningham C, Strain JJ.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation in older Irish adults.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;99(5):1807-15. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3507. Epub 2014 Feb 25.

Prof Martin Hewison, Professor of Molecular Endocrinology, University of Birmingham, said:

"The new guidance from NICE, SACN and PHE on vitamin D recommendations for the UK is hugely disappointing, and I am sure that this response will be echoed by many other vitamin D researchers in the UK and worldwide.  SACN, NICE and PHE have indicated that people should follow their original advice given several years ago that everyone in the UK should supplement with vitamin D during winter months but that supplementation with 400 IU/day vitamin D is sufficient to prevent most people from falling below a level of 25 nmol/L serum vitamin D.  These are the lowest vitamin D supplementation recommendations in the world, despite recognition of the prevalence of vitamin D-deficiency in the UK.  Awareness of vitamin D-deficiency in the UK has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.  This is partly due to lack of sunlight access during lockdown, and partly because several studies have shown that patients with worse COVID-19 outcomes have lower levels of vitamin D.  The increased risk of COVID-19 in ethnic minorities has also been linked to lower vitamin D levels in these populations.  A possible beneficial effect of vitamin D in protecting against COVID-19 infection and disease severity is also supported by basic science data for the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D1.  NICE, SACN and PHE insist that more evidence is required.  This includes randomised supplementation trials.  This is very difficult within the timeframe of the pandemic – it may take several months for vitamin D supplementation to elevate serum vitamin D levels.  Moreover, to the best of my knowledge, despite many attempts by various groups to secure support for this type of study during the first few months of lockdown, there has been no UK funding of vitamin D-COVID-19 studies.  NICE, SACN and PHE always state that 'more studies are needed' but this is impossible if UK funders will not support these studies.  While this situation persists there is inaction that can readily be avoided with some modest changes to recommendations for vitamin D supplementation which is cheap and safe.

"Several groups, including one that I have participated in, have suggested a higher level of vitamin D supplementation.  Specifically increasing this to 800 IU/day vitamin D.  This is still relatively conservative – groups in the North America are recommending 4,000 IU/day – but is much more likely to improve the vitamin D status of people in the UK.  In rejecting this request to increase recommend vitamin D supplementation NICE, SACN and PHE continue to promote the idea of vitamin D 'toxicity', despite no evidence of this in trials where up to 4,000 IU/day vitamin D were used.  This obsession has become a major hurdle to better vitamin D health in the UK.  Many vitamin D researchers have worked tirelessly over the summer to provide a framework in which vitamin D supplementation could be incorporated into the general strategies being used to defeat COVID-19.  NICE, SACN and PHE have rejected this, and their 'new' recommendations provide little or no help at all for the UK public."

1 https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jbm4.10405

Dr Zaki Hassan-Smith, Consultant Endocrinologist (University Hospitals Birmingham NHS FT) and Visiting Professor (Health and Life Sciences, Coventry), said:

"I support the conclusions on the rapid guidance on vitamin D for COVID-19 produced by PHE, SACN and NICE.  The general recommendations align with our current evidence base.

"Vitamin D deficiency is common and severe deficiency can be associated with conditions such as rickets and osteomalacia.  Vitamin D supplementation is also used in patients with conditions affecting their bone health such as osteoporosis.

"As background there has been debate over the role of vitamin D in a range of non-skeletal conditions.  There was previous evidence (prior to the emergence of COVID-19) that linked vitamin D status to rates of respiratory infection, and there is also some evidence for a role in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

"I would support the advice for widespread supplementation in winter months to prevent syndromes of severe vitamin D deficiency in the UK population.  I also support the current position that whilst there is insufficient evidence to support the use of vitamin D specifically to prevent or treat COVID-19, this area should be kept under review with guidance updated as necessary.  Free supplementation for clinically vulnerable groups is a welcome public health intervention."

Dr Claire Hastie, Lecturer in Public Health, University of Glasgow, and HRD-UK (Health Data Research UK), said:

"The NICE rapid guideline on COVID-19 and vitamin D accurately and succinctly summarises the existing evidence.  Vitamin D is indeed important for bone and muscle health, and the national guidelines on supplementation should be followed.  However, published research including multivariate analysis of largescale observational data provides no evidence to suggest that supplementation will reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection or its severity.  To be sure of whether there is any link robustly conducted randomised controlled trails are required."

Dr Vimal Karani, Associate Professor in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University of Reading, said:

"While 400IU of vitamin D supplementation daily might be required to maintain the bone and muscle health, there is no convincing evidence from RCTs to support whether this daily dose of supplementation will prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.

"We still do not have convincing evidence from the literature concerning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on preventing or treating SARS-CoV-2 infection given the high level of confounding due to age, gender, BMI, blood group and host genetics, which have not been considered in majority of the studies.  Hence, the guidelines for the daily intake of vitamin D, which have not taken into consideration of the various confounding factors, might work only for some people.

"RCTs have shown that high dose of vitamin D supplementation was required to reduce the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and achieve SARS-CoV-2 RNA negativity; hence, there is no clear evidence of whether a recommendation of 400IU per day will provide the required immunity to fight the infection.  Furthermore, the epidemiological studies and RCTs have demonstrated inconsistencies with regards to the association between vitamin D supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 infection which could be due to the differences in the sample sizes, age, gender, dose of supplementation, duration of supplementation and ethnic background.  Hence, a study with large number of samples is required to confirm the relationship between vitamin D status and COVID-19.

"It is also possible that host genetic susceptibility could play a role in this association which explains why some individuals respond to high doses of vitamin D supplementation while the rest fail.  This has been shown through studies in BAME communities where the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher compared to Caucasians, given that the genetic map varies across different ethnic groups."

Some references:

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04344041

https://clinicalmolecularallergy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12948-020-00139-0

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076020302764

https://pmj.bmj.com/content/early/2020/11/12/postgradmedj-2020-139065

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232397v1

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/988

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/febs.15534

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996793/

Dr David Richardson, Founder and Director of DR NUTRITION (a company that provides specialist consultancy on food science and nutrition), & Visiting Professor of Food Bioscience, University of Reading, said:

"The advice to follow the UK advice to take a vitamin D supplement to maintain bone and muscle health is welcomed but the focus is on the therapeutic use for health care providers, health care staff and health professionals i.e. the cure and prevention of COVID 19, where the evidence is still unfolding.

"What the guideline should include is the need for doctors and health professionals to find out the extent of vitamin D deficiency in the general population and vulnerable groups.  The advice does mention the role of vitamin D in supporting the immune system but there needs to be a much stronger public health message.

"The NICE guideline also states concerns about excess intakes of vitamin D mainly massive doses used by the medical profession, not anywhere near the amounts found in foods or food supplements.

"A key message is to AVOID VITAMIN D DEFICIENCIES in the general population and to remind health professionals to study the most recent National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) – PHE have just published in the last few days the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme Years 9 to 11 showing a continuing downward trend in intakes of micronutrients and nutritional status of the UK population, including vitamin D intakes and nutritional status.  This report, a few days ago does not seem to be getting the publicity it needs because it highlights the terrible micronutrient status of the population especially Vitamin D.

"PHE are dealing with 3 pandemics in the UK: COVID 19, obesity and vitamin D deficiency."

Dr Bernard Khoo, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Endocrinology, UCL, said:

"This is welcome guidance from NICE, PHE and SACN on the question of vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic.  This guidance has considered the available evidence so far with regards to the value of vitamin D supplementation in preventing and in treatment of COVID-19.  Although there is some promising evidence that vitamin D may be of value, the data is as yet in early stages and we await definitive large-scale randomised controlled trials before vitamin D can be recommended for COVID-19 either as preventative or treatment.

"Vitamin D is an important nutrient for health, particularly to help maintain bone health.  We definitely should be taking supplements during the winter, when there is not enough UV radiation in the sky to help generate vitamin D in the skin.  This situation has not changed and it is for this good reason that the recommendation is that everyone take a daily supplement of 400 units a day from October to March.  This advice is even stronger for the people mentioned in the press release who are more at risk of vitamin D deficiency."

Prof Naveed Sattar, Professor of Metabolic Medicine, University of Glasgow, said:

"This report, which considers all relevant evidence, is important as it reminds the public that on the basis of available evidence, we absolutely CANNOT say that vitamin D is a 'magic bullet' against COVID-19 infection.  Far from it – only ongoing trials will lead us to the truth.  This is because nearly all available vitamin D data linked to COVID-19 is observational and riddled with uncertainty, so it's impossible to determine cause and effect.

"Indeed, one of the best studies in this area and led by our group, did not show vitamin D levels to be linked to COVID-19 risk once we took account of all factors known to effect vitamin D levels.  We also know that many other chronic conditions linked to low vitamin D levels have not been benefited or lessened in occurrence with Vitamin D supplements in large placebo controlled randomised trials.  As such, people who wish to supplement with vitamin D tablets over the winter period should not think they will become immune to COVID-19 infection.  Rather, they need to continue to maintain all the proven and recommended precautions such as social distancing, as strongly as before, to protect themselves and their loved ones from being infected."

Prof Adrian Martineau, Clinical Professor of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Queen Mary University of London, said:

"The tone of this updated NICE guideline on COVID-19 and vitamin D is noticeably more positive than before.  NICE recognises the need for research in this area, and makes specific recommendations about the design of future clinical trials to evaluate a potential role for vitamin D in COVID-19 treatment.  The need for trials of vitamin D to prevent COVID-19 is also acknowledged, but suggestions regarding design of such studies are not made.

"Pending results of these trials, it makes sense for the UK population to follow existing government guidance to take a daily supplement containing 10 micrograms (400 units) of vitamin D during the autumn and winter months.  This safe dose has proven benefits for bone and muscle health.  There is a chance that it might reduce risk and/or severity of COVID-19 into the bargain – clinical trials currently in progress will hopefully shed light on this question.  The recent undertaking by the UK government to provide vitamin D supplements to vulnerable groups free of charge is a welcome first step towards achieving better uptake of this important public health recommendation."

Prof Keith Neal, Emeritus Professor of the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Nottingham, said:

"It has been long standing advice from the NHS and PHE about taking vitamin D during the winter months.  This is more important as during the summer months many vulnerable stayed inside and their levels will have fallen more than usual.  Although there is no reliable evidence on vitamin D and COVID there is good evidence of its benefits generally."

'COVID-19 rapid guideline: vitamin D' by NICE, PHE and SACN was published at 00:01 UK time on Thursday 17 December 2020.

Declared interests

Dr Emeir McSorley:"No conflicts."

Dr Zaki Hassan-Smith: "No conflicts to declare."

Dr Claire Hastie: "No conflicts of interest."

Dr Vimal Karani: "None."

Dr David Richardson: "I am Scientific Adviser to the Council for Responsible Nutrition UK (CRNUK)."

Dr Bernard Khoo: "No conflicts to declare."

Prof Naveed Sattar: NS was co-author on papers which did not find and independent link between vitamin D levels and incident COVID-19 infection.

Hastie CE, Mackay DF, Ho F, Celis-Morales CA, Katikireddi SV, Niedzwiedz CL, Jani BD, Welsh P, Mair FS, Gray SR, O'Donnell CA, Gill JM, Sattar N, Pell JP. Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Jul-Aug;14(4):561-565. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.050. Epub 2020 May 7. Erratum in: Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Sep – Oct;14(5):1315-1316. PMID: 32413819; PMCID: PMC7204679."

Prof Adrian Martineau: "I am Chief Investigator of the CORONAVIT trial – the UK's national clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation to reduce risk and/or severity of COVID-19. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04579640

I am the senior author on the meta-analysis by Jolliffe et al ( https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.20152728v3 ), which demonstrates a modest protective effect of vitamin D supplements on acute respiratory infections other than COVID-19, and which is referenced in the updated NICE guideline."

None others received.

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Sacn Vitamin D

Source: https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-rapid-covid-19-guidance-on-vitamin-d-published-by-nice-phe-and-sacn/

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Can Vitamin D Deficiency Cause Brain Fog

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Can Vitamin D Deficiency Cause Brain Fog

Many nutrients are vital to the health of the human body, and vitamin D is no exception. It helps the body absorb calcium, which is essential for ensuring bones grow and stay strong. However, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a host of other diseases. This list includes depression, heart disease and even some forms of cancer. If you don't get enough sun, like many swing shift workers, or lack an adequate amount of the nutrient in your diet, you may have a deficiency. Here are ten important signs that you are deficient in this essential nutrient.

Inexplicable Aches and Pains

Lethargy and unexplainable generalized pains are symptoms of some worrisome diseases like fibromyalgia and arthritis. But these symptoms might be telling you that you have a vitamin D deficiency. Without enough vitamin D to absorb adequate amounts of calcium, the bones can lose strength resulting in a deep ache or pain. This may be even more noticeable in the winter when sun exposure decreases for everyone. There are more incidents of broken bones in the winter time. Those with higher levels of vitamin D show increased muscle function in their extremities compared to those with less vitamin D in their blood.

Sweat of the Brow

Especially concerning in infants and young children is an excessively sweaty head, particularly the forehead. This can be a clear indicator of a vitamin D deficiency or a host of other problems. It has been common practice for decades that doctors ask new mothers if they notice any unusual sweating in their infants head, face or neck. This sweating can be indicative of serious problems.

There are some-not-so-worrisome causes of a sweaty head, such as fever or being wrapped up for naps. Sweating during feeding is also normal. If you are concerned about your baby's sweating, contact your pediatrician.

Weakened Immune System

Those with less than sufficient levels of vitamin D are significantly more vulnerable to upper respiratory infections. This includes sinus infections and colds, and lower respiratory infections, like bronchitis and pneumonia. Those with adequate vitamin D levels experienced fewer complications during hospital stays and after surgeries.

Vitamin D levels at or above recommended levels are associated with more efficient immune function and decreased respiratory inflammation. With decreased inflammation comes decreased incidence of infection and decreased occurrences of asthma.

Chronic Kidney Disease

Like obesity, chronic kidney problems can be the cause of vitamin D deficiency as opposed to being the result of deficiency. Certain kidney diseases can inhibit the production of vitamin D by the body as well as the breakdown of dietary vitamin D into its useful form. This process is vital to general health because even if adequate amounts of vitamin D are taken in, without the ability to create the active form, the body cannot use the vitamin. This active form of the vitamin helps to feed calcium and other vital minerals to the bones.

While there might be vitamin D and calcium available to the body, without proper kidney function, the body cannot use it. As the body starves for vital calcium, it sets off a parathyroid reaction. This is a process that begins dissolving bones for calcium.

If you are in the early stages of kidney disease, keep a particular eye on vitamin D levels, especially if dialysis is an option.

Your Skin is Naturally Darker

Whether you are just of a darker complexion or you are an outdoorsy type with a tan, the increased melanin in your system will decrease the amount of vitamin D you produce as a result of direct sunlight. Though it increases your protection from sunburn and hot weather exposure, melanin can make it very difficult to produce the daily recommended vitamin D levels, especially as you age and your need for vitamin D increases.

The recommended daily level of vitamin D is 600 IU for all ages, but for those over 70 that number increases to 800 IU, and in African Americans, it can take 10 percent longer to produce the same amount of vitamin D as a fair-skinned person. Sunscreen has the same effect as melanin slowing the process of vitamin D synthesis. This doesn't mean you can skip sunscreen, but just be aware you may need more exposure to reach the desired amount.

Your Mood is Low

Vitamin D deficiency is directly related to depression. That is because vitamin D plays a huge role in mood regulation. Many of the brain's major receptors are vitamin D, especially those in the brain linked to mental health. This one fact links mental health to vitamin D deficiency.

It is not fully understood why or how the vitamin affects mood but the evidence is mounting. In 2006, a study showed that older adults with less than adequate levels of vitamin D were at an increased risk for depression. There is evidence that adding vitamin D by either dietary or supplemental means can help those who struggle with depression and seasonal affective disorder, which is a more depressed mood during the colder winter months.

Less Than Optimal Muscular Performance

Noticeable muscle weakness, such as trouble climbing stairs or decreased performance in the gym, can be a sign of a vitamin D deficiency. Without enough vitamin D in the diet, muscles don't get the fuel that they need to function at optimal levels.

In young adults and elderly, there have been numerous cases of extended vitamin D deficiency causing extreme muscle weakness, sometimes to a disabling extent. In these cases, the addition of vitamin D into the patient's diet improved the condition after a short time. This is especially evident in the elderly as their demand for vitamin D increases. If you are experiencing noticeable muscle weakness, adding a suitable supplement might be a good avenue to explore.

Higher Bodyweight

Another inverse relationship, excess weight can make it easier to develop a vitamin D deficiency. As weight increases, the body requires more vitamin D to keep it functioning regularly. This makes it harder for you to hit an appropriate balance.

As vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient, deficiency precedes obesity as well. As the body notices a lack of fat-soluble nutrients, it is spurred to store more fat. Supplementation and adequate time outside can help combat vitamin D deficiency and all the negative side effects including risk for obesity.

Digestion Difficulties

Vitamin D plays a vital role in so many different bodily functions, from bones to mental well-being, but it is fat soluble. If you have a digestive issue such as Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome or gallbladder problems, you are less able to absorb this vitamin along with other vital nutrients and may have to take extra steps to ensure that you have the nutrition you need.

Age 50+

As you age, three different things happen in regards to vitamin D. You require more to have the optimal function, you naturally produce less vitamin D when you are outside and exposed to sunlight. And your kidneys have to work harder for longer to turn vitamin D into its most useful form. With this in mind, if you are 50 or older and you are noticing some of the other symptoms on the list, you may want to ask your doctor about vitamin D deficiency and what you can do about it.

Can Vitamin D Deficiency Cause Brain Fog

Source: https://facty.com/food/nutrition/10-signs-of-vitamin-d-deficiency/

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